Who May Be Joined as Plaintiffs and Defendants? What Is the Effect of Misjoinder and Non-Joinder of Parties?
Introduction Joinder of parties is a fundamental principle under civil procedural law that governs the inclusion of multiple parties as […]
CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 1908
The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC) forms the procedural foundation of civil litigation in India. For LLB students, a clear understanding of the CPC is essential for semester examinations as well as for developing practical legal reasoning. This CPC category page is designed as an exam-oriented academic resource that explains civil procedure in a simplified and structured manner.
The CPC does not determine substantive rights; instead, it prescribes the procedure through which civil rights are enforced by courts. Important procedural areas such as institution of suits, jurisdiction, pleadings, appearance of parties, interim reliefs, execution of decrees, and appeals are governed by the Code. Due to its technical language and wide scope across sections and orders, students often find CPC challenging. These notes aim to simplify that complexity by presenting concepts logically and clearly.
The notes published under this category are prepared specifically for LLB semester exams and academic understanding. Each topic explains the relevant sections, orders, and procedural principles, supported by illustrations wherever required. Frequently examined doctrines such as res judicata, res sub judice, rejection of plaint, temporary injunctions, and execution proceedings are covered in a manner that helps students write structured and precise answers.
Where necessary, leading case laws are referred to show how courts interpret and apply procedural provisions in practice. The CPC is also closely connected with other civil law statutes such as the Limitation Act, 1963 and the Specific Relief Act, 1963, and internal links are provided to encourage a comprehensive understanding of civil procedural law.
Students are advised to use these CPC notes along with the bare act for effective preparation and conceptual clarity.
“Explain the Fundamental Rules of Pleadings. When the Amendment of Pleadings is Permissible?”
Introduction Pleadings form the backbone of civil litigation, serving as the written foundation of a lawsuit. Governed by Order VI
Provisions Related to the Res Sub judice in CPC(Code of Civil Procedure,1908)
Introduction The doctrine of Res Subjudice, codified under Section 10 of the Civil Procedure Code, 1908, prevents courts from simultaneously
A Note on ‘Inherent Power of Court under CPC’ (Code of Civil Procedure, 1908)
Introduction The inherent powers of courts are supplementary to the specifically conferred powers under the CPC, enabling them to administer
Adjournment in CPC (Code of Civil Procedure, 1908)
Short Version: Introduction Adjournment, as per Order XVII of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), 1908, refers to the postponement
A Note on ‘Arrest and Detention under CPC’
Short Version: The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC), provides for the execution of decrees through various means, one of
What are the Powers of Executing Court under CPC
Execution is the process by which a decree or order of a court is enforced. The Code of Civil Procedure,
Joinder of Parties CPC Explained
Short Version: 1. Meaning & Legal Basis: Joinder of parties refers to the inclusion of multiple parties (plaintiffs or defendants)
What are the Rules Regarding Institution of Suit under CPC? Explain. (Mark 15)
Introduction The institution of a suit is the foundational step in the process of seeking legal redress before a court.
Explain ‘Suit Of Civil Nature In CPC’ With Proper Illustrations
Introduction A Suit of Civil Nature is a legal proceeding that involves the enforcement or protection of private civil rights
Courts’ Territorial Jurisdiction in CPC
Introduction Territorial jurisdiction refers to the authority of a court to hear and decide cases based on the geographical location
Difference between Reference and Review
Introduction In civil proceedings, the concepts of Reference and Review are essential tools to maintain the accuracy, fairness, and efficiency
A Note On ‘Issue Of Commission Under CPC'(Code Of Civil Procedure, 1908)
Short Version: Issue of Commission under CPC Introduction Sections 75, 76, 77, 78 and Order XXVI of CPC empower courts
Define Interpleader Suit. Explain the Conditions and Procedures Relating to Interpleader Suit.
Introduction An interpleader suit is a legal mechanism provided under Section 88 and Order XXXV of the Civil Procedure Code,
A Note On ‘Proclamation of Sale in CPC’ (Code of Civil Procedure, 1908)
Introduction The proclamation of sale is a formal announcement made by the court regarding the sale of attached property in
State the Difference Between Judgment and Decree
1. Definition: Judgment: A judgment is the formal decision given by a court after considering all the issues, evidence, and
Explain the Properties which are Not Liable for Attachment and Sale in an Execution of a Decree
Section 60(1) of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC) outlines specific properties exempt from attachment and sale during the
A Note On ‘Verification of Pleadings’ Under CPC
Verification of pleadings is a critical procedural requirement under the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC). It serves as a safeguard